FIRST AID (Diabetes )

What is Diabetes?
• Chronic health condition
• Insufficient insulin produced /used
• Affects sugar breakdown
Introduction
• Food eaten converted to glucose
• Glucose produces energy
• Insulin breaks down glucose
• Diabetics do not sufficiently produce or use insulin
• Causes blood sugar build-up in blood
Types

Type I diabetes
• Mostly occurs in children/young adult
• Insulin production affected
Type II diabetes
• Mostly occur in adults
• Body is partially/ fully insulin resistant
• Blood sugar level increases
Gestational diabetes
• Occurs in pregnant women
• Causes problems in mother and
baby
Symptoms
• Increased thirst
• Excessive urination
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Vision changes
• Dry skin / dehydration
• Numbness in hands/ feet
Diagnosis
• Fasting blood glucose level> 126 mg/dL
• Random Blood Glucose> 200 mg/dL
Complications of diabetes
• Diabetic Retinopathy (eye)
• Kidney Disease
• Heart Disease and Stroke
• Nerve Disease
• Impotence (sexual disorder)
Treatment
Type I diabetes
• Daily Insulin injections
• Insulin cannot be taken as a pill
Type II diabetes
• Healthy diet and exercise brings down glucose level.
• Some people need diabetic medicine or insulin
Medications lower blood glucose level
• Sulfonylurea drugs & Meglitinedes: Produces insulin in the pancreas
• Biguanides: decreases glucose in liver
• µ- glucosidase inhibitors: Slows the absorption of starch
• Consult a diabetologist or general physician